There's a lot of controversy surrounding the statues of Jefferson Davis and Nathan Bedford Forrest in Memphis. Will they stay or will they go? Right now, nobody knows for sure. But it's interesting how times and attitudes change. An Overton Park landmark — the old "Doughboy Statue" — wasn't well-received when it was first unveiled. Oh not, not at all.
Let's get something straight. This is not a grave to an Unknown Soldier, though some people seem to think so. Nobody is buried beneath the Doughboy Statue in Overton Park. Instead, the massive monument honors “the memory of Memphis and Shelby County men who gave their lives to their country in the Great War,” according to the massive plaque mounted on its base. And back then, the "great war" were talking about was World War I. A plaque mounted to the massive base holds the “1917-1919 Honor Roll” and carries 230 names. I am ashamed to say there’s not a Lauderdale among them.
The old Doughboy has endured its own battles, that’s for sure. It was the brainchild of the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, who raised funds “with the aid of a grateful public and schoolchildren” (according to a smaller plaque mounted on the back of the base) and hired an out-of-town sculptor named Nancy Coonsman Hahn to erect a monument to America’s fighting spirit. Although I’ve been unable to find out just how much the piece cost — and let me tell you it is indeed one big chunk of bronze — I did turn up old newspaper articles that tracked a subscription drive to raise funds for its stone base, and that alone was $3,500.
Anyway, the statue — depicting a grim-faced U.S. Army soldier clambering over a rock with his bayonet drawn — went up in Overton Park on September 21, 1926. And some people were certainly not happy with it. Michael Abt, a Tech High School art teacher and sculptor (who gained fame for designing most of the Cotton Carnival floats), caused quite a stir in the newspapers back then by calling the statue “the attack of a vicious beast.”
What’s more, he griped to the local Artists Guild that it defies “every elementary principle known to sculpture: bad modeling, bad composition, and bad mounting. The figure is distorted. Look at the arms in proportion to the rest of the body. The clay is mistreated, the general attitude is unnatural, and a dozen — yes, dozens — of other things.”
Worst of all, Abt said, was that it “carries the spirit of a beast, instead of the spirit of noble defense of a cause.”
The sculptor herself, however, stood by her guns (so to speak). “The statue seemed overwhelmingly huge in my studio,” Hahn told the newspapers, when she came to Memphis to see her work in place, “but I like the way it fits in with the surroundings at the park, and I think the location is just right.” Memphian Frank Hubert Venn, who designed the base, had this to say about Abt’s criticism: nothing. “I have nothing to say,” he told reporters. “The Doughboy speaks for itself. He’s a soldier — a fighting man. That’s all.”
But that was NOT all. A few months later, somebody griped that the soldier’s stance was all wrong. It seems there are very particular rules to follow in hand-to-hand combat, and if you’re charging toward the enemy and about to gut them with your bayonet, you’d darn well better have your left foot forward. Our Doughboy is stepping forward with his right.
This caused quite a brouhaha, until someone finally checked with the U.S. Army, and under the manual Instructions No. 5-25: The Soldier: Instructions and Qualifications with the Bayonet, it was discovered that under certain circumstances “it is perfectly correct for a soldier to put his right foot forward,” especially in the “long thrust” and “short thrust” positions. It’s also okay if you are doing a “right parry.” If, however, you are doing the “low parry left” manuever, you’d better keep your left foot forward, or you might stumble and fall, and boy, that would be embarrassing.
Anyway, the Doughboy has survived these and other attacks (from paint to pigeons) over the years. For years, the statue was surrounded by a thick hedge, so from certain angles it looked like he was clambering over a hill, but that got pulled down. The whole area has been revamped in recent years, with other monuments erected to soldiers lost in other wars, and the Doughboy is now the centerpiece of Overton Park's Veterans Plaza.
